49th Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS Section on Pediatric Neurological Surgery Archive-Scientific Session IV: Trauma/Critical Care

Video Transcription

Video Summary

In this video, various studies related to hydrocephalus are discussed. <br />The first study examines the effects of tonsillopexy on patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation, finding that the procedure led to longer hospital stays and increased medication use post-operatively. However, it did not result in a higher rate of re-operation, although it did increase the risk of wound infections. <br />The second study focuses on the surveillance of hydrocephalus, specifically after shunt placement or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Variations in practice patterns were found among pediatric neurosurgeons regarding clinical and radiological surveillance for asymptomatic patients. The need for lifelong clinical follow-up was generally recognized after shunt placement but not after ETV. Routine imaging was common after both procedures, but the frequency varied. <br />The third study investigates non-invasive measurements of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation in infant hydrocephalus, using diffuse optical spectroscopy and correlation spectroscopy. It was found that infants with intracranial hypertension had reduced cerebral oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin concentration, which increased after treatment. <br />The fourth study evaluates the use of smartphone-integrated magnetometers in predicting settings for programmable shunt valves. The study achieved 100% accuracy in predicting valve settings using smartphone magnetometer applications. <br />The fifth study explores the risk of hemorrhage during proximal catheter obstruction in shunt patients and found a hemorrhage rate of approximately 25% after proximal shunt revision, but no significant associated morbidity. <br />Finally, the sixth study compares treatment strategies for hydrocephalus related to Dandy-Walker syndrome, specifically shunt-based versus ETV-based treatment. The study found similar failure rates and durability for both strategies.

Keywords

hydrocephalus

studies

tonsillopexy

Arnold-Chiari malformation

surveillance

shunt placement

endoscopic third ventriculostomy

cerebral blood flow

oxygenation

smartphone-integrated magnetometers

hemorrhage

Dandy-Walker syndrome