Cell therapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, represents a promising frontier in the treatment of malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma.  This approach involves engineering a patient's own immune cells to recognize and attack tumor-specific antigens.  While CAR T-cell therapy has shown remarkable success in hematological malignancies, its application in solid tumors like glioblastoma presents unique challenges, including tumor antigen heterogeneity, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and the blood-brain barrier.

Speaker	Bryan Choi, MD
Moderator	Costas Hadjipanayis, MD Maria Noor-ul-Huda, MD
Planner	Maria Noor-ul-Huda, MD

Upon completion of this activity, participants should be able to:
1. Discuss the benefits of CAR T-cell therapy.
2. Identify the challenges unique to use of CAR T-cell therapy.

The AANS is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

The AANS designates this live activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

This activity was published in June 2025. Credit may be obtained until 06/02/2026.

As a provider accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the AANS must ensure balance, independence, objectivity, and scientific rigor in all of its sponsored educational activities. In accordance with the ACCME’s Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Education, the AANS is required to disclose to the activity audience the relevant financial relationships of the planners, faculty and any other individual in a position to control content of this activity.

Those who have disclosed a relationship with ineligible companies are listed below.

All disclosed financial relationships have been mitigated in accordance with ACCME standards.

Name	Relationship/Company
Costas Hadjipanayis, MD	Consultant - Fuoguide, Hemerion, Integra Lifesciences, Synaptive Medical, True Digital Surgery

Planners, faculty and any other individuals in control of content not listed have indicated that they have no relevant financial relationships or conflict of interest to disclose for this activity.

The opinions expressed in this educational activity are those of the faculty and do not necessarily represent the views of the AANS. This educational activity does not endorse one particular type of instrumentation, nor is it intended to dictate an exclusive course of management. It presents one of numerous recognized methods of clinical practice for consideration for incorporation into practice. Variations of practice taking into account the needs of the individual patient, resources, and limitations unique to the institution or type of practice may be appropriate. Disclosure about patient confidentiality, standards of care, or course of management does not imply endorsement or disapproval of products.

Please note: It is recognized that the use of non-FDA approved devices is described in some of the published material, but these techniques are often the standard of care and may be of value to the patients we serve.